SOLIDARITAS SIPIL DALAM PERANG MODERN: STUDI KASUS PERLAWANAN MASYARAKAT SIPIL UKRAINA DALAM PERANG MELAWAN RUSIA TAHUN 2023-2024
Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis peran solidaritas sipil dalam membangun perlawanan masyarakat Ukraina terhadap agresi Rusia pada periode 2023-2024 dalam konteks perang modern. Transformasi karakter perang modern yang ditandai dengan taktik hibrida, keterlibatan aktor nonnegara, serta perang informasi menjadikan masyarakat sipil bukan lagi pihak pasif, tetapi aktor strategis dalam arsitektur ketahanan negara. Dengan menggunakan kerangka konstruktivisme, soft power, masyarakat sipil transnasional, dan ketahanan nasional, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana identitas nasional, nilai bersama, serta narasi kolektif membentuk kapasitas mobilisasi rakyat Ukraina selama konflik berlangsung. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa solidaritas sipil terbentuk melalui proses historis yang panjang, mulai dari penguatan identitas pasca-kemerdekaan, mobilisasi politik pada Revolusi Oranye dan Euromaidan, hingga konsolidasi jaringan sosial setelah invasi 2022. Pada masa eskalasi perang, solidaritas ini termanifestasi dalam berbagai bentuk, seperti mobilisasi relawan, dukungan logistik pertahanan, kampanye digital, aktivisme diaspora, serta diplomasi publik akar rumput yang memperkuat dukungan internasional. Seluruh dinamika tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa perlawanan Ukraina tidak hanya bergantung pada kekuatan militer, tetapi juga ditopang oleh kohesi sosial dan inisiatif sipil yang berfungsi sebagai fondasi ketahanan nasional nonmiliter. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa solidaritas sipil berperan sebagai mekanisme kunci yang memungkinkan masyarakat Ukraina mempertahankan kedaulatan negara di tengah karakter perang modern yang kompleks dan multidimensional.
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