KONSTRUKSI MODEL KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL INKLUSIF DALAM KONSELING SEBAYA PADA KOMUNITAS DIFABEL
Abstract
Praktik konseling sebaya pada komunitas difabel menghadirkan proses komunikasi interpersonal yang tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemampuan menyampaikan dan menerima pesan, tetapi juga oleh kualitas relasi yang dibangun selama interaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik komunikasi interpersonal dalam konseling sebaya dan mengonstruksi model komunikasi interpersonal inklusif pada komunitas difabel. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus retrospektif melalui analisis data sekunder dan analisis dokumen pada program pengembangan kapasitas komunitas Difabel Slawi Mandiri, Kabupaten Tegal, tahun 2025. Data bersumber dari hasil evaluasi program yang melibatkan 20 peserta, laporan pelaksanaan, materi dan pedoman konseling sebaya, dokumen persetujuan, instrumen observasi, serta buku panduan yang dikembangkan dalam program. Data dianalisis melalui pengodean tematik dan pattern matching, dengan komunikasi interpersonal sebagai kerangka analisis awal (sensitizing framework) dan komunikasi inklusif/communication access sebagai perspektif kontekstual. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal inklusif dapat dipahami melalui keterhubungan empat domain, yaitu kesetaraan relasional, keterlibatan interpersonal, keamanan komunikatif, dan partisipasi dialogis. Kesetaraan relasional berkaitan dengan posisi antarpihak yang relatif nonhierarkis; keterlibatan interpersonal tampak dalam praktik mendengarkan aktif, empati, serta respons verbal dan nonverbal; keamanan komunikatif berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan, persetujuan, kenyamanan, dan perlindungan batas informasi; sedangkan partisipasi dialogis menyediakan ruang untuk mengekspresikan pengalaman, memberikan respons, melakukan klarifikasi, dan terlibat dalam pembentukan makna. Integrasi keempat domain menghasilkan model konseptual-empiris yang bersifat konfiguratif dan nonkausal. Temuan memperluas pembacaan komunikasi interpersonal dalam konteks disabilitas dengan menempatkan inklusivitas sebagai kualitas relasional komunikasi, bukan semata-mata sebagai kompetensi individual komunikator atau ketersediaan akses komunikasi.
References
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Braithwaite, D. O., & Eckstein, N. J. (2003). How people with disabilities communicatively manage assistance: Helping as instrumental social support. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 31(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880305374
Braithwaite, D. O., & Labrecque, D. (1994). Responding to the Americans with Disabilities Act: Contributions of interpersonal communication research and training. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 22(3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909889409365403
Braithwaite, D. O., Waldron, V. R., & Finn, J. (1999). Communication of social support in computer-mediated groups for people with disabilities. Health Communication, 11(2), 123–151. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327027HC1102_2
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Chapman, K., Allen, C., & Kendall, E. (2025). Methods for co-designing health communication initiatives with people with disability: A scoping review. Journal of Health Communication, 30(1–3), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2025.2462679
DeVito, J. A. (2019). The Interpersonal Communication Book. Pearson.
Duggan, A., Bradshaw, Y. S., & Altman, W. (2010). How do I ask about your disability? An examination of interpersonal communication processes between medical students and patients with disabilities. Journal of Health Communication, 15(3), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810731003686630
Florina, I. D., Nurhayati, S. A., Muyassaroh, I. S., & Mumpuni, S. D. (2024). Empowering disabilities through public speaking: Building social independence with a co-creation approach. Community Empowerment, 9(12), 1751–1759. https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.12327
Herrman, D., Papadimitriou, C., Green, B., LeFlore, A., & Magasi, S. (2022). Relationships at work: Integrating the perspectives of disability partners to enhance a peer navigation intervention. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 876636. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.876636
Jordan, L. M. (2022). Peer counseling: Method, metaphor, or mindset? Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 822484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.822484
Kearns, Á., Jagoe, C., Stockdale, R., Clarke, D., Manning, M., Mc Menamin, R., Fitzmaurice, Y., Green, J., Duffy, O., & Kelly, H. (2025). Supporting communication access of people with communication disabilities and communication differences in UNCRPD-ratified countries: An integrative review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 60(5), e70098. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.70098
Magasi, S., Smith, K., Bolocon, O. J., Booze, R., Brown, R., & Green, R. L. (2026). Embodying the work: An interpretive phenomenological analysis of becoming peer support workers. OTJR: Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 46(2), 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/15394492251385459
Manganello, J. A. (2022). Shining a light on disability and health communication. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 15(4), 309–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2022.2142443
Mumpuni, S. D., Florina, I. D., Nurhayati, S. A., Nurpratiwiningsih, L., & Putro, H. E. (2023). Peran modal sosial disabilitas sebagai dasar peer counseling pada masyarakat difabel desa inklusi Kabupaten Tegal. G-Couns: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 8(01), 484–496. https://doi.org/10.31316/gcouns.v8i01.5493
Nurhayati, S. A., Nurpratiwiningsih, L., & Sulistyawati, A. E. (2025). Laporan akhir pengabdian kepada masyarakat: Pengembangan kapasitas pengurus desa inklusi melalui pelatihan peer counseling dan keterampilan berbasis Sustainable Development Goals. Universitas Pancasakti Tegal.
Pebdani, R. N., Leon, J., Won, D. S., deLeon, R. D., Dy, C. J., & Keslacy, S. (2023). “Teaching somebody else makes you a better person”: A phenomenological exploration of the importance of informal peer support for individuals with spinal cord injury. Disability and Health Journal, 16(4), 101505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101505
Putri, M. S. A., & Sumardjijati. (2026). Interpersonal communication between shadow teachers and students with special needs in inclusive schools. Informasi, 56(1), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.21831/informasi.v56i1.98511
Ryan, C. T., Kramer, J. M., & Cohn, E. S. (2016). Exploring the self-disclosure process in peer mentoring relationships for transition-age youth with developmental disabilities. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 54(4), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-54.4.245
Stans, S. E. A., Dalemans, R., de Witte, L., & Beurskens, A. (2013). Challenges in the communication between “communication vulnerable” people and their social environment: An exploratory qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling, 92(3), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.021
Thompson, D. M., Booth, L., Moore, D., & Mathers, J. (2022). Peer support for people with chronic conditions: A systematic review of reviews. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 427. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07816-7
Thompson, T. L. (1982). Disclosure as a disability-management strategy: A review and conclusions. Communication Quarterly, 30(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378209369449
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. SAGE.
Copyright (c) 2026 AKSELERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png){kind=logo}
1.png)
