IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS (MBG): ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS GIZI PESERTA DIDIK DI KABUPATEN CIREBON
Abstract
Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan salah satu kebijakan pemerintah yang diarahkan untuk meningkatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi peserta didik sekaligus mendukung kualitas sumber daya manusia sejak usia sekolah. Keberhasilan kebijakan tersebut tidak hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan makanan bergizi, tetapi juga oleh efektivitas implementasinya di tingkat daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan MBG dalam meningkatkan kualitas gizi peserta didik di Kabupaten Cirebon, dengan memperhatikan aspek komunikasi kebijakan, sumber daya, koordinasi antaraktor, pelaksanaan program, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan MBG di Kabupaten Cirebon. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan MBG melibatkan berbagai aktor, mulai dari pemerintah daerah, satuan pendidikan, penyedia makanan, tenaga kesehatan, hingga masyarakat. Efektivitas implementasi dipengaruhi oleh kejelasan komunikasi, ketersediaan sumber daya, kapasitas pelaksana, koordinasi antarlembaga, serta mekanisme pengawasan dan evaluasi. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan sarana pendukung, kapasitas pelaksana, koordinasi, dan pengawasan menjadi tantangan dalam memastikan standar pemenuhan gizi dan keberlanjutan program. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan MBG di tingkat daerah membutuhkan implementasi yang terkoordinasi, adaptif, dan berbasis pada kebutuhan serta karakteristik lokal.
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