REORIENTASI PARADIGMA GREEN MATERIALS DALAM ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN: TINJAUAN EVOLUSI GLOBAL DAN STRATEGI DEKARBONISASI KONSTRUKSI DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Sektor konstruksi memikul tanggung jawab besar atas lonjakan emisi global, khususnya dari jejak karbon tertanam (embodied carbon) pada material struktural utama. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan membedah pergeseran konseptual serta metodologi penilaian green materials dari tahun 2018 hingga 2025, sekaligus merumuskan taktik aplikatif dalam lanskap konstruksi Indonesia guna mempercepat pencapaian target Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060. Melalui studi literatur sistematis terhadap puluhan riset global dan jurnal nasional terakreditasi (SINTA 1–3), kajian ini menemukan reposisi radikal dari sekadar pelabelan komoditas ramah lingkungan yang longgar menjadi evaluasi berbasis bukti empiris yang bersandar pada Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dan prinsip sirkularitas. Di Indonesia, implementasi regulasi seperti Permen PUPR No. 9 Tahun 2021 masih membentur celah adopsi akibat beban modal awal dan kesenjangan kompetensi teknis. Meskipun demikian, eksplorasi material alternatif seperti beton geopolimer berbasis fly ash (mampu memotong emisi hingga 80%), pemanfaatan limbah plastik HDPE pada aspal, serta kayu/bambu rekayasa terbukti secara sains siap menjadi solusi subtitusi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan tata kelola digital via Material Passporting terintergrasi BIM serta penerapan metode Design for Deconstruction (DfD) merupakan prasyarat mutlak untuk menjembatani jurang kebijakan dan implementasi riil di lapangan.
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